Welcome to a special Christmas edition of Postal History Sunday. I
figured it was appropriate since Christmas falls on a Sunday this year.
The theme this week is inspired by the song, the Twelve Days of
Christmas. For those who are not familiar, the song begins with the
first day of Christmas, which would be TODAY, and it continues until
January 5. But, since I don't really want to spread this out with
twelve different blog posts - we'll just do them all here.
If you want to hear a rendition of the tune that inspired the blog post, I find the pandemic-inspired version by Pentatonix
to be entertaining and well-done. It was one of many creative projects
released that helped me, and likely many others, get through difficult
times. If the music isn't your thing, I suggest this well-cited wikipedia page on the history of the tune to engage those that like history and interesting background information.
And now, without further ado or preamble, I present
Twelve Covers for a Christmas Postal History Sunday
And,
no, I am NOT going to type out each one over and over for subsequent
verses. If that is critical for your enjoyment, I suggest you get used
to using your mouse's scroll button and re-read the pertinent section.
So, the first cover for a Christmas Postal History Sunday features
ONE wrapper band on a newspaper
This Belluna, Italy, newspaper dated
March 2, 1871, was enclosed by a paper wrapper
band that served as a surface for the mailing address and postage. The band also kept the newspaper together and
prevented it from inconveniently opening up while it was in transit through the
mail services. The newspaper arrived at the Vittorio post
office the same day it was mailed according the marking on the other side of the wrapper.
Wrapper
bands were just one way items that qualified for reduced postage as
printed matter could be mailed so that postal clerks could readily
inspect the contents. To qualify items could not include personal
messages and their presence would void the privilege of that reduced
postage. With a wrapper band, postal clerk could, if they wanted to,
slip the item out of the wrapper, take a good look, and then slide it
back in. However, I can tell you that I have not slipped this newspaper
out of the band myself. After all, I can't read Italian all that well
and I suspect the news might be a bit dated.
For those who are interested, this item was featured in a June Postal History Sunday.
TWO sides of a cover for an item mailed TWICE
Shown
above is a circular (a letter or advertisement sent to a large number
of people) that was sent in 1865 from Etna to Dryden,
New York to Edward Welsh. The lower half of the
folded letter shows a very light Etna postmark dated April 7,
1865. Mr. Welsh returned this letter via the postal service on April
10, sending it back after signing an agreement to perform some work, to
the Town Clerk in Etna. To avoid confusion, he crossed out his name and
address.
There are two, two-cent postage stamps, each paying the
rate for an unsealed circular in each direction it was mailed and giving
us a fair number of two's for the second cover for Christmas. If you
would like to learn more about this item and the idea of a turned cover,
you can check out this Postal History Sunday from March of 2021.
THREE feeds for one cent!
This
advertising cover from the International Stock Food Company in 1905
certainly catches the eye. And, if you do any work with animals, I
think you would agree with me that it is highly unlikely that pigs, cows
and horses would ever smile like this. I don't think their facial
muscles work that way.
As far as the three feeds for one cent,
it isn't entirely clear to me what they meant by it. Do they have three
types of feed that are mixed differently for different livestock and
they all have the same price? How much would I have gotten for a penny?
I'm not sure right now, but give me time and maybe I'll figure it out.
The
International Stock Food Company still exists and is currently based in
Canada, but at the time this cover was mailed the main factory was
housed in Minneapolis, Minnesota (with another in Toronto). The
building there had formerly been an exposition building constructed in 1886
and housing an International Exposition that same year. It was also
the site of the 1892 Republican National Convention. The building was
used as an entertainment venue until Marion Willis (Will) Savage purchased the building in 1903 for his growing feed business.
And, just because I like adding additional color to postal history items, Will Savage grew up in West Branch, Iowa,
and worked as a clerk at the drug store. His feeds took advantage of
his pharmaceutical knowledge. Savage also owned race horses, using
their success to promote his feed. He purchased a horse named Dan Patch for $60,000 in 1902 and that same horse set a record that would stand for almost 50 years at the Minnesota State Fair in 1906.
FOUR cents for a small envelope to a radiator shop
The
brown four-cent postage stamp on this small envelope to the Groves
Radiator Shop in Nashville, Tennessee, was a design that had many
denominations (postage amounts) and depicted George Washington. The
design itself dates this item to some point in the 1910s to early
1920s. At that time, a radiator shop might refer to the wide range of
radiators in motorized vehicles, which were becoming more commonplace.
Or, it could refer to home heating devices. Until I locate more
specific information (if it exists) I'll not presume. But, since we are
talking Nashville and NOT Minneapolis, I suspect there was a bit less
demand for heating.
I
remember being in a shop when I was younger that had drawers of these
envelopes. Each one held a different part for the technician who worked
there. There were rubber gaskets and formed metal parts, among other
things. They were all organized with appropriate labels so the correct
part could be quickly found.
An electrotype is a method of
reproducing metal forms, creating precise copies of an original by
running an electrical charge through a solution to deposit metal into a
mold. With a name like "Artistic Ad Company" this may not be radiator
parts as I initially thought. Perhaps someday I'll figure it out. But
for now - this simply serves as the fourth cover for a Christmas Postal
History Sunday.
FIVE centimes due
It's
hard to ignore the big bold "5 c" on this cover. This 1864 letter from
Madrid, Spain to France has a 12 cuarto postage stamp paying the
postage required to get the letter from here to there. Except for one
thing. The recipient had to pay a 5 centime "droit de factage" or
"drayage right" for incoming mail from Spain.
We actually talked about this a couple of weeks ago, but I won't make you go back to that post unless you want to. The Spanish collected a delivery charge of 1 cuarto for all
incoming mail from other countries (called "derecho de cartero"). This
practice continued despite a postal agreement with France that went into
effect on February 2, 1860 that indicated payment of postage should
cover all costs to the destination. As a result, the French added their
5 centime droit de factage for incoming letters from Spain (but not other
countries) in retaliation.
SIX different postmarks
Ok,
you could argue that there are only FIVE different postal markings on
this folded letter mailed from Switzerland to France in 1864. But, what
you don't see here is that the sixth is on the back (or verso) of this
item.
The great thing, in the eyes of a postal historian, about
letters from this time period is that you can track the progress of a
letter based on these markings. The difficulty, sometimes, is that the
meaning of the marking may not always be perfectly clear without a
little research or help from other knowledgeable postal historians.
For
example, this marking doesn't seem to give much information - at least
not if we don't know what the "7" and the "A-E-D" stand for. AED is an
acronym that means "Affranchi a l'Etranger jusqu'a Destination" or
"foreign mail paid to destination." It serves the same purpose as the
P.D. markings we often reference in Postal History Sunday (payee a
destination). The seven, on the other hand identifies the French
exchange office, which is Huningue, located on the river that serves as
border between the two countries.
And since we just focused on the number "seven" in the explanation for "six," we should move on to...
SEVEN stamps pay the postage
The envelope shown above was mailed
from the then German colony of Kamerun to Geneve Switzerland in 1909. The
international letter rate (set by the Universal Postal Union) was 20
pfennig, which is overpaid here by 1 pfennig or seven copies of
the 3 pfennig stamp issued for Kamerun.
These postage stamps featured the Kaiser's Imperial Yacht, SMJ Neue Hohenzollern,
and the design was the same for each German Colony at that time. These
stamps are often referred to as a "keytype" series because the same
printing plates could be used except for the portion of the design that
held the colony name, denomination, and currency. You can get an introduction to the stamps of the German Colonies here if you have an interest.
While
there were 20 pfennig stamps created for Kamerun, this did not
necessarily mean that they were always readily available to postal
customers, which might give us a possible reason why this individual
sent a letter with seven copies of the 3 pfennig stamp. We're just glad
they did because we could feature the cover in this slot of today's
post.
EIGHT pictures of Amersfoort
This
item is actually a very small envelope, which you can get a feel for
when you recognize how big the stamp looks in comparison to the
envelope. The word "Drukwerk" indicates that this item qualified for
the printed matter rate. In other words, the content was "mass
produced" and no personal message or individualized content was
included.
The
envelope itself was not sealed shut. Instead, it had a little slit in
the back that allowed the tip of the envelope flap to tuck into it to
keep the contents inside.
As for the contents....
There are eight small photocards of the sights one could see in
Amersfoort in the Netherlands. The cards themselves were originally
connected to each other and the envelope. They could be separated (as
some of them are now) by tearing them apart at the perforations.
Perhaps one of the most unique photos of the eight is a picture of a large boulder called "De Kei."
Apparently, a man named Everhard Meyster discovered a large boulder and
bet his friends that he could get citizens to drag that rock into the
city. After a fair amount of "liquid encouragement" (beer) and fresh
biscuits, he got several hundred individuals to do just that.
Afterwards,
those who did drag the boulder into town were ridiculed and the rock
was buried to hide their shame in 1672. However, the story lived on and
it was uncovered and placed on a pedestal as a symbol of pride rather
than shame in 1903.
A meeting to attend on the NINTH day of the month
On
the ninth day of June, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences was to
meet in Boston. At least that's what Chauncey Wright, the Recording
Secretary was telling us in yet another printed matter item in this list
of twelve covers.
I
will never know if Joseph Hale Abbott of Beverly (near Boston) actually
attended the event. But, clearly, the letter WAS received and the
invitation was kept. How do I know that? Well, this item is in my
collection rather than being burnt in Abbot's fireplace. That seems
like a good hint that he had interest!
Abbott does appear in Appleton's Cyclopaedia of American Biography,
volume I, and his entry actually gives us some support that he might
very well have attended. After all, he was, for several years, the
recording secretary for the Academy himself! He also contributed many
scientific papers on hydraulics and pneumatics to the journal published
by this group.
This time "X" doesn't mean "TEN" - unless I want it to
By
this point, you have probably figured out that I did not want to
succumb to using numbers from the same aspect of each cover to fill each
of the twelve covers for a Christmas Postal History Sunday. I wanted
to have a little fun with it and I was hoping you might enjoy the
process as well!
This time around, we're going to feature the
great big "X" in the middle of the cover shown above. However, this "X"
doesn't mean "ten" as you might think if it were referencing the Roman
numeral. And, the "X" does not mark "the spot" either! Instead, the
big bold "X" was a way for the postal clerk to indicate to the carrier
of this letter that the postage was paid and that they did not need to
collect more postage from the recipient.
For those who might like to learn more, other covers to Mantova are shown in this Postal History Sunday from a few months ago. It shows another item that was fully paid and one that was not.
ELEVEN days travel to get to Galway
At
this point, I am very surprised that there has not been a cover that
features the 24-cent US postage stamp I like so much. Well, never fear -
I've found one that meets my needs for the 11th cover.
This
letter was mailed in 1863 from Lynn, Massachusetts, to London, England.
The cost was twenty-four cents for a letter weighing no more than one
half ounce and this item clearly met that requirement. There are several
markings that show us it was considered "paid." Two markings from
Lynn, one from Boston and one from London all agreed the sender paid the
proper duty.
The Hibernia, a ship that belonged to the
Galway Line at the time, carried this letter. It left Boston on
November 3 and arrived ELEVEN days later at Galway. The truly
interesting thing for me about this cover is that the Galway Line
carried very little of the mail. According to Reports of the Postmaster
General from 1864, only 1.8% of the trans-Atlantic mail traveled on
Galway ships during the fiscal year. In contrast, the Cunard Line took
43% and the Inman Line 20% across the sea to the United Kingdom.
TWELVE cent stamps times two mailed on the TWELFTH day of the TWELFTH month
I
am not certain how I can get any better than this for the 12th cover
for a Christmas Postal History Sunday. Rather than try to explain the
cover more, I'm just going to rest on my laurels for a job well done.
I hope you enjoyed this edition of Postal History Sunday.
I
wish you and yours the best and that you have the chance to be among
those you care for most at this time of year - regardless of what
holidays you may, or may not, choose to celebrate. Merry Christmas to
you and Happy Holidays to all.